Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Asphalt Concrete shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Asphalt Concrete offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Asphalt Concrete at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Asphalt Concrete? Wrong! If the Asphalt Concrete is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Asphalt Concrete then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Asphalt Concrete? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Asphalt Concrete and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Asphalt Concrete wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Asphalt Concrete then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Asphalt Concrete site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Asphalt Concrete, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Asphalt Concrete, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
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Asphalt concrete, normally known simply as asphalt, is a
composite material commonly used for construction of Pavement (material),
highways and
parking lots. It consists of asphalt
binder (material) and mineral construction aggregate mixed together then laid down in layers and compacted. This method was invented by William Patrick Flanigan, I .
Mixture formulations
Mixing of asphalt and aggregate is accomplished in one of several ways:
- Hot mix asphalt concrete (commonly abbreviated as HMAC or HMA) is produced by heating the asphalt to decrease its viscosity, and drying the aggregate to remove moisture from it prior to mixing. Mixing is generally performed with the aggregate at about 300 °F (roughly 150 °C), and the asphalt cement at 200 °F (95 °C). Paving and compaction must be performed while the asphalt is sufficiently hot. In many states paving is restricted to summer months because in winter the compacted base will cool the asphalt too much before it is packed to the optimal air content. HMAC is the form of asphalt concrete most commonly used on highly trafficked pavement (roads) such as those on major highways and airfields.
- Warm mix asphalt concrete (commonly abbreviated as WMA or WAM) is produced by adding either zeolites, waxes, or asphalt emulsions to the mix. This allows significantly lower mixing and laying temperatures and results in lower consumption of fossil fuels, thus releasing less carbon dioxide, particulate and vapours. Not only are working conditions improved, but the lower laying-temperature also leads to more rapid availability of the surface for use, which is important for construction sites with critical time schedules. The usage of these additives in hot mixed asphalt (above) may afford easier compaction and allow cold weather paving or longer hauls.
- Cold mix asphalt concrete is produced by emulsifying the asphalt in water with (essentially) soap prior to mixing with the aggregate. While in its emulsified state the asphalt is less viscous and the mixture is easy to work and compact. The emulsion will break after enough water evaporates and the cold mix will, ideally, take on the properties of cold HMAC. Cold mix is commonly used as a patching material and on lesser trafficked service roads.
- Cut-back asphalt concrete is produced by dissolving the binder in kerosene or another lighter fraction of petroleum prior to mixing with the aggregate. While in its dissolved state the asphalt is less viscous and the mix is easy to work and compact. After the mix is laid down the lighter fraction evaporates.
- Mastic asphalt concrete or sheet asphalt is produced by heating hard grade blown bitumen (oxidation) in a green cooker (mixer) until it has become a viscous liquid after which the aggregate mix is then added.
The bitumen aggregate mixture is cooked (matured) for around 6-8 hours and once it is ready the
mastic asphalt mixer is transported to the work site where experienced layers empty the mixer and either machine or hand lay the mastic asphalt contents on to the road. Mastic asphalt concrete is generally laid to a thickness of around 20-30 mm for footpath and road applications and around 10 mm for flooring or roof applications.
In addition to the asphalt and aggregate, additives, such as polymers, and antistripping agents may be added to improve the properties of the final product.
- Natural asphalt concrete can be found in some parts of the world where rock near the surface has been impregnated with tar pit.
The terms
asphalt concrete,
bituminous asphalt concrete, etc., are typically used only in engineering
jargon. Asphalt pavements are often called just asphalt by laypersons who tend to associate the term concrete with Portland cement concrete only. The engineering definition of concrete is any composite material composed of mineral aggregate glued together with a binder, whether that binder is
Portland cement, asphalt or even epoxy. Informally, asphalt concrete is also referred to as
blacktop.
Asphalt concrete is often touted as being
100% recyclable. Several in-place recycling techniques have been developed to rejuvenate oxidized binders and remove cracking, although the recycled material is generally not very water-tight or smooth and should be overlaid with a new layer of asphalt concrete. Asphalt concrete that is removed from a pavement is usually stockpiled for later use as a
base course material. This reclaimed material, commonly known by the acronym 'RAP' for recycled or reclaimed asphalt pavement, is crushed to a consistent gradation and added to the HMA mixing process. Very little asphalt concrete is actually disposed of in landfills. Sometimes waste materials, such as rubber from old
tires, are added to asphalt concrete as is the case with rubberized asphalt, but there is a concern that the hybrid material may not be
recyclable.
Asphalt deterioration can include alligator cracks,
potholes, upheaval, raveling, rutting, shoving, stripping, and grade depressions.
Asphalt concrete pavements—especially those at
airfields—are sometimes called tarmac for historical reasons, although they do not contain tar and are not constructed using the macadam process.
Performance characteristics
Asphalt concrete has different performance characteristics in terms of surface durability, tire wear, braking efficiency and roadway noise. Asphalt concrete generates more roadway noise than pure concrete surfacing, but is less noisy than chip seal surfaces. Tire noise effects are ampified at higher operating speeds. The sound energy is generated through
rolling friction converting
kinetic energy to
sound waves. The idea that highway design could be influenced by acoustical engineering considerations including selection of surface paving types arose in the very early 1970s.John Shadely,
Acoustical analysis of the New Jersey Turnpike widening project between Raritan and East Brunswick, Bolt Beranek and Newman, 1973 C Michael Hogan,
Analysis of Highway Noise, Journal of Soil, Air and Water Pollution, Springer Verlag Publishing, Netherlands, Vol. 2, Number 3 / September, 1973
References
See also
.
Asphalt concrete, normally known simply as asphalt, is a
composite material commonly used for construction of
Pavement (material), highways and
parking lots. It consists of asphalt binder (material) and mineral
construction aggregate mixed together then laid down in layers and compacted. This method was invented by William Patrick Flanigan, I .
Mixture formulations
Mixing of asphalt and aggregate is accomplished in one of several ways:
- Hot mix asphalt concrete (commonly abbreviated as HMAC or HMA) is produced by heating the asphalt to decrease its viscosity, and drying the aggregate to remove moisture from it prior to mixing. Mixing is generally performed with the aggregate at about 300 °F (roughly 150 °C), and the asphalt cement at 200 °F (95 °C). Paving and compaction must be performed while the asphalt is sufficiently hot. In many states paving is restricted to summer months because in winter the compacted base will cool the asphalt too much before it is packed to the optimal air content. HMAC is the form of asphalt concrete most commonly used on highly trafficked pavement (roads) such as those on major highways and airfields.
- Warm mix asphalt concrete (commonly abbreviated as WMA or WAM) is produced by adding either zeolites, waxes, or asphalt emulsions to the mix. This allows significantly lower mixing and laying temperatures and results in lower consumption of fossil fuels, thus releasing less carbon dioxide, particulate and vapours. Not only are working conditions improved, but the lower laying-temperature also leads to more rapid availability of the surface for use, which is important for construction sites with critical time schedules. The usage of these additives in hot mixed asphalt (above) may afford easier compaction and allow cold weather paving or longer hauls.
- Cold mix asphalt concrete is produced by emulsifying the asphalt in water with (essentially) soap prior to mixing with the aggregate. While in its emulsified state the asphalt is less viscous and the mixture is easy to work and compact. The emulsion will break after enough water evaporates and the cold mix will, ideally, take on the properties of cold HMAC. Cold mix is commonly used as a patching material and on lesser trafficked service roads.
- Cut-back asphalt concrete is produced by dissolving the binder in kerosene or another lighter fraction of petroleum prior to mixing with the aggregate. While in its dissolved state the asphalt is less viscous and the mix is easy to work and compact. After the mix is laid down the lighter fraction evaporates.
- Mastic asphalt concrete or sheet asphalt is produced by heating hard grade blown bitumen (oxidation) in a green cooker (mixer) until it has become a viscous liquid after which the aggregate mix is then added.
The bitumen aggregate mixture is cooked (matured) for around 6-8 hours and once it is ready the mastic asphalt mixer is transported to the work site where experienced layers empty the mixer and either machine or hand lay the
mastic asphalt contents on to the road. Mastic asphalt concrete is generally laid to a thickness of around 20-30 mm for footpath and road applications and around 10 mm for flooring or roof applications.
In addition to the asphalt and aggregate, additives, such as
polymers, and antistripping agents may be added to improve the properties of the final product.
- Natural asphalt concrete can be found in some parts of the world where rock near the surface has been impregnated with tar pit.
The terms
asphalt concrete,
bituminous asphalt concrete, etc., are typically used only in engineering jargon. Asphalt pavements are often called just
asphalt by laypersons who tend to associate the term concrete with
Portland cement concrete only. The engineering definition of concrete is any composite material composed of mineral aggregate glued together with a binder, whether that binder is
Portland cement, asphalt or even
epoxy. Informally, asphalt concrete is also referred to as
blacktop.
Asphalt concrete is often touted as being
100% recyclable. Several in-place recycling techniques have been developed to rejuvenate oxidized binders and remove cracking, although the recycled material is generally not very water-tight or smooth and should be overlaid with a new layer of asphalt concrete. Asphalt concrete that is removed from a pavement is usually stockpiled for later use as a base course material. This reclaimed material, commonly known by the acronym 'RAP' for recycled or reclaimed asphalt pavement, is crushed to a consistent gradation and added to the HMA mixing process. Very little asphalt concrete is actually disposed of in landfills. Sometimes waste materials, such as rubber from old
tires, are added to asphalt concrete as is the case with
rubberized asphalt, but there is a concern that the hybrid material may not be
recyclable.
Asphalt deterioration can include alligator cracks,
potholes, upheaval, raveling, rutting, shoving, stripping, and grade depressions.
Asphalt concrete pavements—especially those at
airfields—are sometimes called tarmac for historical reasons, although they do not contain
tar and are not constructed using the
macadam process.
Performance characteristics
Asphalt concrete has different performance characteristics in terms of surface durability, tire wear, braking efficiency and
roadway noise. Asphalt concrete generates more roadway noise than pure concrete surfacing, but is less noisy than chip seal surfaces. Tire noise effects are ampified at higher operating speeds. The sound energy is generated through
rolling friction converting
kinetic energy to sound waves. The idea that highway design could be influenced by acoustical engineering considerations including selection of surface paving types arose in the very early 1970s.John Shadely,
Acoustical analysis of the New Jersey Turnpike widening project between Raritan and East Brunswick, Bolt Beranek and Newman, 1973 C Michael Hogan,
Analysis of Highway Noise, Journal of Soil, Air and Water Pollution, Springer Verlag Publishing, Netherlands, Vol. 2, Number 3 / September, 1973
References
See also
- Asphalt
- Free floating screed
- Plastic armour
- Tarmac
Asphalt concrete - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Asphalt concrete, normally known simply as asphalt, is a composite material commonly used for construction of pavement, highways and parking lots.
Asphalt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The road surfacing material is usually called 'asphalt concrete' in North America or simply 'asphalt' elsewhere. The apparent interchangeability of the words 'asphalt' and 'bitumen ...
Tarmac
Supplier of aggregates and asphalt, also offering infrastructure maintenance, recycling environmental services.
THE GEDDES GROUP - Plant & Skip Hire, Quarries, Haulage ...
The Geddes Group, Plant and skip hire, quarries, haulage, golf courses, demolition, asphalt and concrete in the UK. ...
Dense asphalt concrete base (design mixture)
Aggregain aggregate technical note: Dense macadam base - 900S ... The following recycled and secondary aggregates may be used alone or in combination:
Asphalt Concrete
User Guidelines for Waste and By-Product Materials Use in Pavement Construction ... INTRODUCTION Waste glass that is crushed and screened can be used as a portion of fine aggregate ...
Asphalt concrete - What does AC stand for? Acronyms and abbreviations ...
Acronym Definition; AC: Adult Contemporary (radio format) AC: Air Conditioning/Conditioner: AC: Alternating Current (electricity; physics) AC: Ante Cibum (Latin:
Concrete & Asphalt Cleaners; Removing Oil & Grease
Concrete & Asphalt Cleaners; Removing Oil & Grease...Accepta 7121 is an innovative biodegradable product made from specialised biological formulations developed to remove motor ...
ASI Solutions
Repair and rejuvenate asphalt and macadam in situ by incorporating chemically engineered rejuvenators based on gilsonite. Product technical and environmental reports and a listing ...
Failure mechanisms in asphalt concrete - CUED Publications Database
Failure mechanisms in asphalt concrete. Genin, G.M. and Cebon, D. (1998) Failure mechanisms in asphalt concrete Technical Report. Cambridge University Department of Engineering ...
